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Host Physiologic Changes Induced by Influenza A Virus summary
The Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous Gram-Positive bacterium as well as an opportunistic pathogen that causes a myriad of diseases that range from minor to severe skin infections, implant-associated infections, toxic shock syndrome as well as sepsis and osteomyelitis. The bacterium has been of significant burden to the health care setting as it is among the leading causes of infections and therefore has become challenging to manage and treat due to the bacteria mutation that makes the bacterium resistance to treatments. S. aureus is also a secondary cause of the secondary bacterial pneumonia, a condition that is often associated with respiratory virus infection especially in the cases of seasonal influenza mostly during the influenza epidemic.
According to studies, nasal colonization by the secondary bacterial pneumonia is more prevalent in children occurring at rates 30 to 80 percent of the overall population. The colonization of the bacteria in most cases form biofilms on the nasal tissues allowing persistence of the S. aureus through its invasion of the host defenses along with the antibiotic treatment. The results of the study show that the S. aureus biofilms develop on the upper respiratory epithelial substratum dispersing in response to host physiologic changes that are related to viral infections that include a febrile range of temperatures, rise I glucose, norepinephrine as well as exogenous ATP.
Several studies have been conducted and have unmasked the many facets of the relationship between the host, virus and the S. aureus bacterium. It has been depicted that high levels of tissue damage, increased inflammation as well as the increased rates of mortality was observed among the mice that were infected with the viral infection of staphylococcal pneumonia through the use of the mouse model of coinfection. The study is significant as it provides novel insights into the transition from the colonization to invasive disease and therefore providing a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the secondary staphylococcal pneumonia.
The study was focused on the determination of the host physiologic changes that were induced by the influenza A virus. Therefore the additional experiment that I could have it done next is that that tries to identify the different changes that the S aureus bacteria undergoes through changing from the biofilm due to the interactions with the Influenza virus. The reason for the experiment is due to the need depict that different stages of development with the primary aim of developing a treatment mechanism preventing severe symptoms of the infections.
