Eating Disorders Related To Depression in Adolescents in Canada

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Annotated Bibliography

Newton, S., et al. “Depression in adolescents and young adults: Evidence review.” Adelaide University, School of Population Health and Clinical Practice. Adelaide Health Technology Assessment (2010).

Newton et al. wrote an outline of the findings of a series of systematic reviews done with the aim of identifying existing risk and protective factors for depression, means for preventing mental problems, treatment, and how these risk factors influence outcomes, adolescents, and young adults. The working committee that formulated the paper used collected evidence as a foundation for a series of evidence statements that were later translated into recommendations.

The document is a very crucial basis for clinical and medical experts when dealing with eating disorders as mental problems. The evidence statements suggested that females compared to males were more likely to suffer from mental conditions and eating disorders. Problems during infancy were also highlighted as predictive factors for major mental issues in adolescents. Issues such as neonatal problems in males and low birth weight in females were predictive of serious mental problems in adolescents and young adults. There was also evidence that incubator care reduced the incidence of mental problems in the future, mainly for female adolescents.

Couturier, J., Isserlin, L., Norris, M., Spettigue, W., Brouwers, M., Kimber, M., … & Snelgrove, N. (2020). Canadian practice guidelines for the treatment of children and adolescents with eating disorders. Journal of Eating Disorders, 8(1), 4.

This article draws its inspiration from the prevalence of eating disorders and other serious eating conditions affecting 4% of the Canadian population to address the lack of guidelines to facilitate treatment decisions. The aim of the article thus remains to create recommendations for the treatment eating disorders in adolescents and children.

The article begins with a review of past evidence focusing on relevance to its topic, the availability of quality scientific information before incorporating a panel of parents, clinicians, researchers, and individuals that have lived with the disorders from across the country.

The panel then developed a list of recommendations that included the facilitation of family-based treatment and care given in an environment that is not intensive. These two recommendations were also accompanied by others considered weak, including multi-family therapy, atypical antipsychotics, psychotherapy tailored for adolescents, and adjunctive yoga. The contribution of this article on the topic of eating disorders in adolescents is unmeasurable as it provides important information on a very crucial subject. In addition to the recommendations, the panel also provides areas for future research, most importantly, the development of novel treatment practices for severe and multifaceted eating problems.

Lock, J., & La Via, M. C. (2015). Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with eating disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(5), 412-425.

The evaluation of treatment of eating disorders is not a straightforward affair and relies on the precise proficiency and related clinical experience. This article is a practice parameter that used an evidence-based style to evaluate the management of eating conditions in children and adolescents. It precisely focuses on binge eating disorder (BED), avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), anorexia nervosa (AN), and bulimia nervosa (BN). The article does not address eating disorders in infancy. The aim of the article is to facilitate medical professionals in the management of eating disorders in youths and children.

The article reviewed literature from various recognized sources using medical subject headings relevant to the topic and sought important evidence to assist psychiatrists with clinical decision making. The parameters defined in the article does not, however, define the only standard of care but does not include all appropriate methods or denounce others directed towards the same outcome.

Keles, B., McCrae, N., & Grealish, A. (2020). A systematic review: the influence of social media on depression, anxiety, and psychological distress in adolescents. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 79-93.

This article suggests an intimate connection between the use of social media and mobile gadgets and the mental wellbeing of adolescents. The article is a methodical review of evidence on the effect of screen time on various conditions that lead to eating disorders. The research investigates primary factors that contribute to the negative influence of social media on mental wellbeing.

The relevance of this research is its modern context. It mentions the impacts of sedentary behavior on the mental health of Canadian as well as global youth. Social media distracts adolescents and makes them less active, which is a significant issue in the advancement of mental condition. The findings of the study suggested that exposure to social media based on the amount of time, investment, addiction, and activity correlated with various eating disorders.

Andreea-Elena, M. (2015). The risk of eating disorders in adolescence and its association with the value of the body mass index, level of anxiety, and level of depression. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 187, 141-146.

It is possible that certain conditions will contribute to eating disorders. This research seeks to determine the link between eating conditions and depression, anxiety, and BMI. This kind of study is conducted on a global scale and is often focuses on either male or female adolescents.

The research sampled 119 adolescents with 32 being male and 87 female aged between 15 and 19 from a high school they all attended. Using The Eating Attitude Test-26 and a correlational pattern found a positive connection between the risk of developing an eating condition and BMI. However, the statistical intensity was low for this case, while the link between the risk of developing food disorders and anxiety was positive and of moderate and statistically significant. When the findings were differentiated on the basis of gender, the correlations were statistically significant in girls but not in boys.

Omiwole, M., Richardson, C., Huniewicz, P., Dettmer, E., & Paslakis, G. (2019). Review of Mindfulness-Related Interventions to Modify Eating Behaviors in Adolescents. Nutrients, 11(12), 2917.

Well-established approaches to the treatment of eating conditions for adolescent disorders are not many, and for the few that exist, 30 to 40 percent is their reported remission reports. The article cites this reason as the need for novel treatment methods. The article suggests that mindfulness approaches have been significantly successful in adults and should be recommended for adolescents.

The research is a review that searched for relevant studies and designated a few to be used in the review. The study then divided the researches based on their aims, whether it’s the advancement of healthy eating or hindering unhealthy eating. Thirteen studies from the 15 that were chosen for review indicated the presence of at least one positive link between mindfulness management approaches and decreased BMI, reduced weight or shape concerns, eating in the absence of hunger (EAH), and restrained eating. Because of missing data and actual evidence on the applicability of mindfulness techniques in treating eating disorders in adolescents means incorporating mindfulness methods to the management of eating disorders in adolescents is still in the early stages.

Schwartz, C., Waddell, C., Barican, J., Andres, C., & Gray-Grant, D. (2015). Intervening for young people with eating disorders.

Dealing with eating disorders effectively begins with preventing them from occurring. Schwartz et al. believe that it is very important to learn the risks in order to reduce them. At this point, the article chooses two studies that have been following the experiences of adolescents for more than ten years. One of the studies applied in this research found out that most adolescents suffered from eating disorders because of societal pressure and preoccupation with a thin body. Another study suggested that being comfortable with their body made adolescents 68 percent more likely to develop an eating disorder.

The study also suggests that longitudinal surveys constituted the novel method of measuring risk. The reason for this is that factors that are considered to contribute to the incidence of eating disorders cannot be measured experimentally. The study also wanted to answer the role of genes in the prevalence of eating disorders and suggest that not many studies support or substantiality proofs the role of genes in this question.

Hamel, A. E., Zaitsoff, S. L., Taylor, A., Menna, R., & Grange, D. L. (2012). Body-related social comparison and disordered eating among adolescent females with an eating disorder, depressive disorder, and healthy controls. Nutrients, 4(9), 1260-1272.

Eating disorders are problematic in at least five percent of adolescent females across the globe, a figure that is almost similar in Canada. Because of these problems, it is crucial for medical scientists to conduct more research that will better the understanding of healthcare providers in terms of the factors connected to the origin and care of eating disorders. Harmel at al focuses their research on the link between body-related social comparison (BRSC) and eating disorders denoted as ED.

The study was divided into relating the prevalence of BRSC in teenagers diagnosed with an eating disorder, depressive disorder, but without a mental history and whether BRSC is linked to ED after controlling for self-esteem issues and signs of depression. Compared to adolescents healthy and adolescents with DD, those with ED engaged more with BRSC. The findings indicated that BRSC was expressively positively associated with eating disorders.

References

Andreea-Elena, M. (2015). The risk of eating disorders in adolescence and its association with the value of the body mass index, level of anxiety and level of depression. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 187, 141-146.

Keles, B., McCrae, N., & Grealish, A. (2020). A systematic review: the influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 79-93.

Omiwole, M., Richardson, C., Huniewicz, P., Dettmer, E., & Paslakis, G. (2019). Review of Mindfulness-Related Interventions to Modify Eating Behaviors in Adolescents. Nutrients, 11(12), 2917.

Schwartz, C., Waddell, C., Barican, J., Andres, C., & Gray-Grant, D. (2015). Intervening for young people with eating disorders.